Matches Familiar People in 2D Array (Non-Identical)
Below is a general skill sequence for helping learners match non-identical pictures of familiar people in a large array.
This skill domain zeroes in on pairing non-identical images of loved ones and acquaintances within a large array. It’s imperative to ensure the learner is adept in basic scanning, elementary matching, can follow gestural prompts, and can match rudimentary pictures of these individuals. Mastery in this skill area paves the way for receptively recognizing these individuals within a large array. Furthermore, this competence can foster a holistic understanding of their names and faces, while also setting the stage for enhanced communication.
How this skill area relates to your assessments!
This skill area aligns with various assessments and their respective domains, with milestone and domain codes provided for reference. Additionally, DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for Autism are included to help clinicians identify how this skill area potentially supports medical necessity in relation to the diagnosis.
VB-MAPP (Verbal Behavior Milestones Assessment and Placement Program)
Visual Perception/Match to Sample, VP-MTS 9-M, Matches non-identical objects or non-identical pictures in a messy array of 10, for 25 items (e.g., matches a Ford truck to a Toyota truck)
Visual Perception/Match to Sample, VP-MTS 10-M, Matches non-identical objects (3D) to pictures (2D) and/or vice versa, in a messy array of 10 containing 3 similar stimuli, for 25 items
AFLS (Assessment of Functional Living Skills)
Basic Communication, BC10, Labels common people (actual individuals, not professionals)
Community Knowledge, CK4, Expressive identification community helpers
DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for Autism
A1, Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity, ranging, for example, from abnormal social approach and failure of normal back-and-forth conversation; to reduced sharing of interests, emotions, or affect; to failure to initiate or respond to social interactions.
CDC’s Developmental Milestones
30 months, Cognitive Milestones, Shows simple problem-solving skills, like standing on a small stool to reach something
Treatment Plan Goal Ideas
This is a list of treatment plan goals. These are different from the goals you will find in the skill sequence below. Your treatment plan goals encompass any number of goals from the skill sequence. Sometime they will include multiple goals from the sequence (”Learner will label 5 toys”) and sometimes the treatment plan goal will be simply consist of a really important goal from the skill sequence (”Will label caregiver”). An analogy I like to use goes as follows: Each skill sequence goal (commonly known as a “target”) represent each stair in a flight of stairs. The treatment plan goal is the flight itself.
Treatment plan goal ideas for this particular skill area are as follows:
Learner will match two non-identical pictures of a family member across three examples and 5 different family members when presented in an array of 15 pictures.
Learner will match two non-identical pictures of a family member across three examples and 10 different family members when presented in an array of 15 pictures.
Learner will match two non-identical pictures of a family member across three examples and 15 different family members when presented in an array of 15 pictures.
Component Skills
Your learner may need to be fluent in these component skills first before introducing this goal/skill area. Component skills for this skill sequence may include skill areas that are fundamental to other areas. Fluency in the skill areas listed below may increase the likelihood that your learner will succeed in this skill sequence and those afterward.
Below is a possible skill sequence for working on increasing your learner’s ability to match familiar people in a 2D array of nonidentical pictures. Note that every learner is different and that you likely will need to tweak and vary some programming to their needs. Click the triangle icon to view the full description for each skill in the sequence/area.
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Matches Non-ID Pic of Primary Caregiver/Caregiver #1 (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being of mom, dad, or most primary caregiver.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Give them non-identical picture of the caregiver and instruct them to “Match mom/dad/name!”.
Learner should match the non-identical pictures with each other.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Have two other “spare” non-identical pictures of the item that you are matching. As the learner begins to gain fluency with matching one of the non-identical pictures of the item, begin to rotate through the other non-identical pictures as well to teach non-identical matching across examples.
Materials
Four non-identical pictures of the most primary caregiver and 14 other common items.
Therapist will need to obtain multiple photos of caregiver #1 from family of learner.
Research/Resources
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Matches Non-ID Pic of Caregiver #2 (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being of mom, dad, or second most primary caregiver.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Give them non-identical picture of the caregiver and instruct them to “Match mom/dad/name!”.
Learner should match the non-identical pictures with each other.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Have two other “spare” non-identical pictures of the item that you are matching. As the learner begins to gain fluency with matching one of the non-identical pictures of the item, begin to rotate through the other non-identical pictures as well to teach non-identical matching across examples.
Materials
Four non-identical pictures of the second most primary caregiver and 14 other common items.
Therapist will need to obtain multiple photos of caregiver #2 from family of learner.
Research/Resources
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Matches Non-ID Pic of Primary Grandparent #1 (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being of grandma, grandpa, or most primary grandparent.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Give them non-identical picture of the grandparent and instruct them to “Match grandma/grandpa/name!”.
Learner should match the non-identical pictures with each other.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Have two other “spare” non-identical pictures of the item that you are matching. As the learner begins to gain fluency with matching one of the non-identical pictures of the item, begin to rotate through the other non-identical pictures as well to teach non-identical matching across examples.
Materials
Four non-identical pictures of the most primary grandparent and 14 other common items.
Therapist will need to obtain multiple photos of grandparent #1 from family of learner.
Research/Resources
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Matches Non-ID Pic of Primary Grandparent #2 (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being of grandma, grandpa, or second most primary grandparent.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Give them non-identical picture of the grandparent and instruct them to “Match grandma/grandpa/name!”.
Learner should match the non-identical pictures with each other.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Have two other “spare” non-identical pictures of the item that you are matching. As the learner begins to gain fluency with matching one of the non-identical pictures of the item, begin to rotate through the other non-identical pictures as well to teach non-identical matching across examples.
Materials
Four non-identical pictures of the second primary grandparent and 14 other common items.
Therapist will need to obtain multiple photos of grandparent #2 from family of learner.
Research/Resources
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Matches Non-ID Pic of Sibling #1 (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being of a sibling.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Give them non-identical picture of the sibling and instruct them to “Match brother/sister/name!”.
Learner should match the non-identical pictures with each other.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Have two other “spare” non-identical pictures of the item that you are matching. As the learner begins to gain fluency with matching one of the non-identical pictures of the item, begin to rotate through the other non-identical pictures as well to teach non-identical matching across examples.
Materials
Four non-identical pictures of the sibling and 14 other common items.
Therapist will need to obtain multiple photos of sibling from family of learner.
Research/Resources
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Matches Non-ID Pic of Sibling #2 (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being of a sibling.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Give them non-identical picture of the sibling and instruct them to “Match brother/sister/name!”.
Learner should match the non-identical pictures with each other.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Have two other “spare” non-identical pictures of the item that you are matching. As the learner begins to gain fluency with matching one of the non-identical pictures of the item, begin to rotate through the other non-identical pictures as well to teach non-identical matching across examples.
Materials
Four non-identical pictures of the sibling and 14 other common items.
Therapist will need to obtain multiple photos of sibling from family of learner.
Research/Resources
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Matches Non-ID Pic of Sibling #3 (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being of a sibling.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Give them non-identical picture of the sibling and instruct them to “Match brother/sister/name!”.
Learner should match the non-identical pictures with each other.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Have two other “spare” non-identical pictures of the item that you are matching. As the learner begins to gain fluency with matching one of the non-identical pictures of the item, begin to rotate through the other non-identical pictures as well to teach non-identical matching across examples.
Materials
Four non-identical pictures of the sibling and 14 other common items.
Therapist will need to obtain multiple photos of sibling from family of learner.
Research/Resources
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Matches Non-ID Pic of Sibling #4 (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being of a sibling.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Give them non-identical picture of the sibling and instruct them to “Match brother/sister/name!”.
Learner should match the non-identical pictures with each other.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Have two other “spare” non-identical pictures of the item that you are matching. As the learner begins to gain fluency with matching one of the non-identical pictures of the item, begin to rotate through the other non-identical pictures as well to teach non-identical matching across examples.
Materials
Four non-identical pictures of the sibling and 14 other common items.
Therapist will need to obtain multiple photos of sibling from family of learner.
Research/Resources
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Matches Non-ID Pic of Aunt (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being of an aunt.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Give them non-identical picture of the aunt and instruct them to “Match aunt/name!”.
Learner should match the non-identical pictures with each other.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Have two other “spare” non-identical pictures of the item that you are matching. As the learner begins to gain fluency with matching one of the non-identical pictures of the item, begin to rotate through the other non-identical pictures as well to teach non-identical matching across examples.
Materials
Four non-identical pictures of the aunt and 14 other common items.
Therapist will need to obtain multiple photos of aunt from family of learner.
Research/Resources
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Matches Non-ID Pic of Uncle (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being of an uncle.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Give them non-identical picture of the uncle and instruct them to “Match uncle/name!”.
Learner should match the non-identical pictures with each other.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Have two other “spare” non-identical pictures of the item that you are matching. As the learner begins to gain fluency with matching one of the non-identical pictures of the item, begin to rotate through the other non-identical pictures as well to teach non-identical matching across examples.
Materials
Four non-identical pictures of the uncle and 14 other common items.
Therapist will need to obtain multiple photos of uncle from family of learner.
Research/Resources
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Matches Non-ID Pic of Pet #1 (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being of a pet.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Give them non-identical picture of the pet and instruct them to “Match pet/name!”.
Learner should match the non-identical pictures with each other.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Have two other “spare” non-identical pictures of the item that you are matching. As the learner begins to gain fluency with matching one of the non-identical pictures of the item, begin to rotate through the other non-identical pictures as well to teach non-identical matching across examples.
Materials
Four non-identical pictures of the pet and 14 other common items.
Therapist will need to obtain multiple photos of pet from family of learner.
Research/Resources
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Matches Non-ID Pic of Pet #2 (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being of a pet.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Give them non-identical picture of the pet and instruct them to “Match pet/name!”.
Learner should match the non-identical pictures with each other.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Have two other “spare” non-identical pictures of the item that you are matching. As the learner begins to gain fluency with matching one of the non-identical pictures of the item, begin to rotate through the other non-identical pictures as well to teach non-identical matching across examples.
Materials
Four non-identical pictures of the pet and 14 other common items.
Therapist will need to obtain multiple photos of pet from family of learner.
Research/Resources
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Matches Non-ID Pic of Pic of Home (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being of picture of home.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Give them non-identical picture of the home and instruct them to “Match home!”.
Learner should match the non-identical pictures with each other.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Have two other “spare” non-identical pictures of the item that you are matching. As the learner begins to gain fluency with matching one of the non-identical pictures of the item, begin to rotate through the other non-identical pictures as well to teach non-identical matching across examples.
Materials
Four non-identical pictures of the home and 14 other common items.
Therapist will need to obtain multiple photos of home from family of learner.
Research/Resources
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Matches Non-ID Pic of Pic of Therapist #1 (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being of a therapist.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Give them non-identical picture of the therapist and instruct them to “Match therapist/name!”.
Learner should match the non-identical pictures with each other.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Have two other “spare” non-identical pictures of the item that you are matching. As the learner begins to gain fluency with matching one of the non-identical pictures of the item, begin to rotate through the other non-identical pictures as well to teach non-identical matching across examples.
Materials
Four non-identical pictures of the therapist and 14 other common items.
Therapist will need to obtain multiple photos of therapist.
Research/Resources
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Matches Non-ID Pic of Pic of Therapist #2 (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being of a therapist.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Give them non-identical picture of the therapist and instruct them to “Match therapist/name!”.
Learner should match the non-identical pictures with each other.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Have two other “spare” non-identical pictures of the item that you are matching. As the learner begins to gain fluency with matching one of the non-identical pictures of the item, begin to rotate through the other non-identical pictures as well to teach non-identical matching across examples.
Materials
Four non-identical pictures of the therapist and 14 other common items.
Therapist will need to obtain multiple photos of therapist.
Research/Resources
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Matches Non-ID Pic of Pic of Teacher (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being of a teacher.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Give them non-identical picture of the teacher and instruct them to “Match teacher/name!”.
Learner should match the non-identical pictures with each other.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Have two other “spare” non-identical pictures of the item that you are matching. As the learner begins to gain fluency with matching one of the non-identical pictures of the item, begin to rotate through the other non-identical pictures as well to teach non-identical matching across examples.
Materials
Four non-identical pictures of the teacher and 14 other common items.
Therapist will need to obtain multiple photos of teacher from family of learner.
Research/Resources
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Matches Non-ID Pic of Pic of Physician (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being of a physician.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Give them non-identical picture of the physician and instruct them to “Match physician/name!”.
Learner should match the non-identical pictures with each other.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Have two other “spare” non-identical pictures of the item that you are matching. As the learner begins to gain fluency with matching one of the non-identical pictures of the item, begin to rotate through the other non-identical pictures as well to teach non-identical matching across examples.
Materials
Four non-identical pictures of the physician and 14 other common items.
Therapist will need to obtain multiple photos of physician from family of learner.
Research/Resources
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Matches Non-ID Pic of Pic of Dentist (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being of a dentist.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Give them non-identical picture of the dentist and instruct them to “Match dentist/name!”.
Learner should match the non-identical pictures with each other.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Have two other “spare” non-identical pictures of the item that you are matching. As the learner begins to gain fluency with matching one of the non-identical pictures of the item, begin to rotate through the other non-identical pictures as well to teach non-identical matching across examples.
Materials
Four non-identical pictures of the dentist and 14 other common items.
Therapist will need to obtain multiple photos of dentist from family of learner.
Research/Resources
Concurrent Skills
Working on these skills at the same time could help with goal mastery. Maybe your learner has mastered these skills already. Perhaps they are already listed as component skills above. That’s okay! Targeting other learning channels might help your learner.
These are the possible next steps for learners who have mastered, or are mastering, the skills listed above. Note that new skill areas may require fluency in other component skills not listed above. Also, you can introduce composite skill sequences prematurely to keep your learner progressing, as generativity may occur earlier than expected.
Follow the link below to better understand component-composite analysis.
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Research and Resources
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Disclaimer
Consistent with ethical obligations outlined by the Behavior Analysis Certification Board (BACB), users acknowledge that goal selection/direction is the responsibility of the BCBA. Users understand that goals should be tailored to the learner while ultimately involving the input of clients/stakeholders. Users understand their ethical obligations to the client/stakeholder concerning the selection, implementation, design, and minimization of risk regarding behavior change interventions as outlined in BACB Code. As such, this skill sequence serves as a general framework for generating ideas around this particular skill area and not as an assessment or curriculum.
Problem? Question? Suggestion? We want to hear from you!
Intro to Scanning 
Intro to Matching (Visual Perception) 
Following Gestures
Matches Common Items in 2D Array 1.0 (Identical)
Matches Common Items in 2D Array 1.0 (Non-identical)
Matches Familiar People in 2D Array (Identical)
Receptively IDs Familiar People in 2D Array