Below is a general skill sequence for helping learners for teaching learners how to receptively identify items based on the color and name of the item.
As learners progress in their ability to identify items based on general stimulus properties linked to adverbs such as color, shape, etc., the stage is set for them to refine their skills in identifying specific items by color. This skill area represents the initial step in enhancing the learner's capacity to both discern and articulate the color aspect of items. As they become more proficient in this area, it's a logical next step to extend their skill set to include the receptive identification of items by shape and name, or by size and name. The aim of developing fluency in this area is to enrich the learner's vocabulary and descriptive abilities concerning everyday objects. Mastering these skills not only bolsters their cognitive understanding of the world around them but also lays a foundation for more advanced language and categorization skills. By nurturing these abilities, we're equipping learners with the tools to more effectively communicate and interact with their environment, enriching their experiences and interactions with the world.
How this skill area relates to your assessments!
This skill area aligns with various assessments and their respective domains, with milestone and domain codes provided for reference. Additionally, DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for Autism are included to help clinicians identify how this skill area potentially supports medical necessity in relation to the diagnosis.
VB-MAPP (Verbal Behavior Milestones Assessment and Placement Program)
Listener Responding, LR 5-M, Selects the correct item from an array of 4, for 20 different objects or pictures (e.g., Show me cat. Touch shoe).
Listener Responding, LR 7-M, Generalizes listener discriminations (LDs) in a messy array of 8, for three different examples of 50 items (e.g., The child can find three examples of a train.
Listener Responding, LR 11-M, Selects items by color and shape from an array of six similar stimuli, for 4 colors and 4 shapes (e.g., Find the red car. Find the square cracker.).
AFLS (Assessment of Functional Living Skills)
Dressing, DR28, Matches clothing styles and colors.
Clothing and Laundry, CL3, Sorts laundry by color/type.
Laundry, LY1, Sorts laundry by color.
DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for Autism
A2, Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction, ranging, for example, from poorly integrated verbal and nonverbal communication; to abnormalities in eye contact and body language or deficits in understanding and use of gestures; to a total lack of facial expressions and nonverbal communication.
CDC’s Developmental Milestones
2 Years, Language/Communication, Points to things in a book when you ask, like “Where is the bear?”
30 Months, Cognitive, Shows he knows at least one color, like pointing to a red crayon when you ask, “Which one is red?”
4 Years, Cognitive, Names a few colors of items.
Treatment Plan Goal Ideas
This is a list of treatment plan goals. These are different from the goals you will find in the skill sequence below. Your treatment plan goals encompass any number of goals from the skill sequence. Sometime they will include multiple goals from the sequence (”Learner will label 5 toys”) and sometimes the treatment plan goal will be simply consist of a really important goal from the skill sequence (”Will label caregiver”). An analogy I like to use goes as follows: Each skill sequence goal (commonly known as a “target”) represent each stair in a flight of stairs. The treatment plan goal is the flight itself.
Treatment plan goal ideas for this particular skill area are as follows:
Learner will receptively identify an item when given the name and color of the item for one item across three different colors for that item in an array of 15.
Learner will receptively identify an item when given the name and color of the item for three items across three different colors for each of those items in an array of 15.
Learner will receptively identify an item when given the name and color of the item for six items across three different colors for each of those items in an array of 15.
Learner will receptively identify an item when given the name and color of the item for nine items across three different colors for each of those items in an array of 15.
Component Skills
Your learner may need to be fluent in these component skills first before introducing this goal/skill area. Component skills for this skill sequence may include skill areas that are fundamental to other areas. Fluency in the skill areas listed below may increase the likelihood that your learner will succeed in this skill sequence and those afterward.
Below is a possible skill sequence for working on increasing your learner’s ability to receptively identify items given their color and name. Note that every learner is different and that you likely will need to tweak and vary some programming to their needs. Click the triangle icon to view the full description for each skill in the sequence/area.
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#1 Selects Brown Dog (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being a picture of a brown dog.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Ask them to find the/point to the/give you the brown dog.
Learner should select the corresponding picture.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Materials
15 pictures with one being a picture of a brown dog.
Research/Resources
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#2 Selects Black Dog (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being a picture of a black dog.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Ask them to find the/point to the/give you the black dog.
Learner should select the corresponding picture.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Materials
15 pictures with one being a picture of a black dog.
Research/Resources
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#3 Selects White Dog (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being a picture of a white dog.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Ask them to find the/point to the/give you the white dog.
Learner should select the corresponding picture.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Materials
15 pictures with one being a picture of a white dog.
Research/Resource
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#4 Selects Red Ball (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being a picture of a red ball.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Ask them to find the/point to the/give you the red ball.
Learner should select the corresponding picture.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Materials
15 pictures with one being a picture of a red ball.
Research/Resource
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#5 Selects Blue Ball (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being a picture of a blue ball.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Ask them to find the/point to the/give you the blue ball.
Learner should select the corresponding picture.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Materials
15 pictures with one being a picture of a blue ball.
Research/Resource
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#6 Selects Yellow Ball (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being a picture of a yellow ball.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Ask them to find the/point to the/give you the yellow ball.
Learner should select the corresponding picture.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Materials
15 pictures with one being a picture of a yellow ball.
Research/Resource
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#7 Selects Blue Book (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being a picture of a blue book.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Ask them to find the/point to the/give you the blue book.
Learner should select the corresponding picture.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Materials
15 pictures with one being a picture of a blue book.
Research/Resource
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#8 Selects Green Book (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being a picture of a green book.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Ask them to find the/point to the/give you the green book.
Learner should select the corresponding picture.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Materials
15 pictures with one being a picture of a green book.
Research/Resource
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#9 Selects Red Book (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being a picture of a red book.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Ask them to find the/point to the/give you the red book.
Learner should select the corresponding picture.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Materials
15 pictures with one being a picture of a red book.
Research/Resource
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#10 Selects Green Cup (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being a picture of a green cup.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Ask them to find the/point to the/give you the green cup.
Learner should select the corresponding picture.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Materials
15 pictures with one being a picture of a green cup.
Research/Resource
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#11 Selects White Cup (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being a picture of a white cup.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Ask them to find the/point to the/give you the white cup.
Learner should select the corresponding picture.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Materials
15 pictures with one being a picture of a white cup.
Research/Resource
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#12 Selects Red Cup (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being a picture of a red cup.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Ask them to find the/point to the/give you the red cup.
Learner should select the corresponding picture.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Materials
15 pictures with one being a picture of a red cup.
Research/Resource
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#13 Selects Black Car (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being a picture of a black car.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Ask them to find the/point to the/give you the black car.
Learner should select the corresponding picture.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Materials
15 pictures with one being a picture of a black car.
Research/Resource
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#14 Selects Red Car (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being a picture of a red car.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Ask them to find the/point to the/give you the red car.
Learner should select the corresponding picture.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Materials
15 pictures with one being a picture of a red car.
Research/Resource
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#15 Selects Silver Car (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being a picture of a silver car.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Ask them to find the/point to the/give you the silver car.
Learner should select the corresponding picture.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Materials
15 pictures with one being a picture of a silver car.
Research/Resource
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#16 Selects Orange Drink (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being a picture of an orange drink.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Ask them to find the/point to the/give you the orange drink.
Learner should select the corresponding picture.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Materials
15 pictures with one being a picture of an orange drink.
Research/Resource
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#17 Selects Brown Drink (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being a picture of a brown drink.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Ask them to find the/point to the/give you the brown drink.
Learner should select the corresponding picture.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Materials
15 pictures with one being a picture of a brown drink.
Research/Resource
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#18 Selects Red Drink (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being a picture of a red drink.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Ask them to find the/point to the/give you the red drink.
Learner should select the corresponding picture.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Materials
15 pictures with one being a picture of a red drink.
Research/Resource
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#19 Selects Yellow Banana (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being a picture of a yellow banana.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Ask them to find the/point to the/give you the yellow banana.
Learner should select the corresponding picture.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Materials
15 pictures with one being a picture of a yellow banana.
Research/Resource
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#20 Selects Green Banana (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being a picture of a green banana.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Ask them to find the/point to the/give you the green banana.
Learner should select the corresponding picture.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Materials
15 pictures with one being a picture of a green banana.
Research/Resource
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#21 Selects Brown Banana (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being a picture of a brown banana.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Ask them to find the/point to the/give you the brown banana.
Learner should select the corresponding picture.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Materials
15 pictures with one being a picture of a brown banana.
Research/Resource
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#22 Selects Silver Key (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being a picture of a silver key.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Ask them to find the/point to the/give you the silver key.
Learner should select the corresponding picture.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Materials
15 pictures with one being a picture of a silver key.
Research/Resource
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#23 Selects Gold Key (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being a picture of a gold key.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Ask them to find the/point to the/give you the gold key.
Learner should select the corresponding picture.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Materials
15 pictures with one being a picture of a gold key.
Research/Resource
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#24 Selects Bronze Key (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being a picture of a bronze key.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Ask them to find the/point to the/give you the bronze key.
Learner should select the corresponding picture.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Materials
15 pictures with one being a picture of a bronze key.
Research/Resource
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#25 Selects Brown Cookie (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being a picture of a brown cookie.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Ask them to find the/point to the/give you the brown cookie.
Learner should select the corresponding picture.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Materials
15 pictures with one being a picture of a brown cookie.
Research/Resource
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#26 Selects Black Cookie (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being a picture of a black cookie.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Ask them to find the/point to the/give you the black cookie.
Learner should select the corresponding picture.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Materials
15 pictures with one being a picture of a black cookie.
Research/Resource
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#27 Selects Yellow Cookie (Ao15)
How to Run
Present an array of 15 pictures with one of them being a picture of a yellow cookie.
Gain the attention and motivation of the learner.
Ask them to find the/point to the/give you the yellow cookie.
Learner should select the corresponding picture.
Reinforce accordingly.
Additional Notes
Ensure that therapist is not engaging in prompting that they might not be aware of.
Materials
15 pictures with one being a picture of a yellow cookie.
Research/Resource
Concurrent Skills
Working on these skills at the same time could help with goal mastery. Maybe your learner has mastered these skills already. Perhaps they are already listed as component skills above. That’s okay! Targeting other learning channels might help your learner.
These are the possible next steps for learners who have mastered, or are mastering, the skills listed above. Note that new skill areas may require fluency in other component skills not listed above. Also, you can introduce composite skill sequences prematurely to keep your learner progressing, as generativity may occur earlier than expected.
Follow the link below to better understand component-composite analysis.
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Research and Resources
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Disclaimer
Consistent with ethical obligations outlined by the Behavior Analysis Certification Board (BACB), users acknowledge that goal selection/direction is the responsibility of the BCBA. Users understand that goals should be tailored to the learner while ultimately involving the input of clients/stakeholders. Users understand their ethical obligations to the client/stakeholder concerning the selection, implementation, design, and minimization of risk regarding behavior change interventions as outlined in BACB Code. As such, this skill sequence serves as a general framework for generating ideas around this particular skill area and not as an assessment or curriculum.
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